T-1552a; Possession Sound, From Muckilteo to Preston's Pt. & From Hawk Station to Randall's Pt., Washington Ter., 1884

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

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Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Puget Sound River History Project

Originator: Department of Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310

Originator: Seattle, WA 98195

Publication_Date: 10/01/03

Title: T-1552a; Possession Sound, From Muckilteo to Preston's Pt. & From Hawk Station to Randall's Pt., Washington Ter., 1884

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Abstract:

Georeferenced United States Coast & Geodetic Survey Topographic Sheet T-1552a; Possession Sound, From Muckilteo to Preston's Pt. & From Hawk Station to Randall's Pt., Washington Ter., 1884; Scale: 1:20,000; Surveyor: J. F. Pratt

Supplemental_Information: For a comprehensive historical and technical review of the production and interpretation of early Coast & Geodetic Survey T-sheets please refer to Shalowitz, A.L. 1964. Shore and Sea Boundaries, Volumes 2. U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, DC. This publication is available online at http://chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/hsd/shallow.htm

Time_Period_of_Content: 1884

Time_Period_Information: 1884

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1884

Currentness_Reference: 1884

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword: T-sheets

Theme_Keyword: Coastal Survey

Theme_Keyword: Land Cover

Theme_Keyword: Historical

Theme_Keyword: United States Coast and Geodetic Survey

Place:

Place_Keyword: Washington State

Place_Keyword: Puget Sound

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword: Near Shore

Stratum_Keyword: Coast

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword: 1884

Access_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Use_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Collins, Amir Sheikh

Contact_Organization:

Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: Department of Earth and Space Sciences

Address: Box 351310

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 616-6584

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (206) 543-0489

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bcollins@u.washington.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: asheikh@u.washington.edu

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Data_Quality_Information:

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: No traceable benchmarks

To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, benchmarks located on the T-sheets were compared to published NGS benchmarks that were retraceable to the time of the surveyed T-sheet. (Published NGS benchmark information is located at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl). Only benchmarks that could be established with a high degree of certainty that existed at the time of the original T-sheet survey and were not remounted were used in the final accuracy measurement. If no current benchmarks exist or if the benchmarks have been remounted in relation to the benchmarks on the T-sheet, hard points (areas that would expect little change since the original surveys) were used to give a general indicator of the T-sheet’s registration accuracy in lieu of a more rigorous method. Thus these hard point measurements must be viewed with some caution. It should be stressed that the accuracy assessment was to check the accuracy of the overall registration process, not necessarily the accuracy of the survey itself.

NOTE: Measured distances are rounded to the nearest meter. The hand-drawn representations of benchmarks on the T-sheets are often up to 10 meters in width. To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, the measured distance is from the NGS-published coordinates to the perceived middle of the benchmark depicted on the T-sheet. In addition, the overall shape of the benchmark symbol is sometimes obscured by other symbology on the T-sheet. Thus, there is a certain level of uncertainty introduced due to the ambiguous location of the benchmark on the T-sheet.

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Of sixteen possible benchmarks identified on the t-sheet there were no matching datasheets. Five datasheets’ points were plotted because these fell in the same general vicinity as the t-sheet’s benchmarks, but none of these points were close enough to be useful. There are no useable benchmarks for this sheet.

Benchmark PID LONG LAT Measured distance between T-sheet benchmark & NGS-published benchmark

Station Name	PID	Current Survey Control NAD83		Measured Distance btwn T-sheet & NGS-published benchmark
		Long	Lat
SCATCHET	SY4958	122 25 50.84779	47 54 52.06602
SURF 2	SY4961	122 22 37.90099	47 54 22.15333
RIDGE	SY4869	122 20 58.59593	47 57 35.15557
MUKILTEO CROWN LMBR TALL CHIM	SY4862	122 17 56.54408	47 56 58.65890
MUKILTEO LIGHTHOUSE	SY4859	122 18 22.46451	47 56 55.48592

Lineage:

Technician: Joanna Marsolek Date: 9-4-03

Process_Step:

Process_Description: The georeferencing of T-sheets in the Puget Sound region was funded by the Puget Sound Nearshore Project (PSNERP) http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/

Scanned images were obtained from Information Manufacturing Corporation, 7000 Infantry Ridge Road, Suite 200, Manassas, VA 20109 Phone: (703) 393-6866

The methodology used to georeference the T-sheets was modified from the previous work of Jennifer Burke (NOAA) in the Lower Columbia and Daniels et al (2001). The georeferencing and error assessment process were carried out using Erdas Imagine 8.6 and ArcGIS 8.3. For additional information concerning the georeferencing method please refer to: http://rocky2.ess.washington.edu/riverhistory/tsheets.php

Datum Shift:

Most T-sheets do not have a current datum represented on them (i.e. NAD 27, NAD 83). Graticules (tics) marking Latitude and Longitude in the early local Puget Sound Datum (PSD) and a later update to North American Datum (NAD) projection are most often present. To calculate the X, Y shift from NAD to NAD 27, X and Y values were used from datum difference tables for survey stations around most of Puget Sound (Patton, 1999). An overall datum shift was determined for the area covered by the T-sheet by averaging the shift from a number of survey stations in or nearby that area represented on the T-sheet.

The following survey stations were used to calculate the datum shift:

Scatchet, 1921

Edwards, 1921

Double Bluff, 1921

Registration:

For georeferencing, tics were used only surrounding areas that depicted nearshore features on the T-sheet. This was mainly done to hasten the overall process due to the magnitude of the scope of the project while maintaining the best control around areas of interest. The sheets were then rectified using a 1^st order polynomial transformation. Points that produced relatively high RMS values, as well as tic points that consistently fell outside of 4.5 meters (on a 1:10,000 scale T-sheet) of their projected UTM coordinates were omitted.

The following tic marks were used for georeferencing the initial resample:

	Longitude		Latitude
	deg	min	deg	min
1	122	13	48	1
2	122	12	48	1
3	122	13	48	0
4	122	12	48	0
5	122	22	47	59
6	122	21	47	59
7	122	14	47	59
8	122	13	47	59
9	122	12	47	59
10	122	22	47	58
11	122	21	47	58
12	122	20	47	58
13	122	17	47	58
14	122	16	47	58
15	122	15	47	58
16	122	14	47	58
17	122	13	47	58
18	122	22	47	57
19	122	21	47	57
20	122	19	47	57
21	122	18	47	57
22	122	17	47	57
23	122	16	47	57
24	122	15	47	57
25	122	24	47	56
26	122	23	47	56
27	122	22	47	56
28	122	21	47	56
29	122	19	47	56
30	122	18	47	56
31	122	26	47	55
32	122	25	47	55
33	122	24	47	55
34	122	23	47	55
35	122	22	47	55
36	122	20	47	55
37	122	19	47	55
38	122	18	47	55
39	122	20	47	54
40	122	19	47	54

One resample was performed on this data. Only point 31 had a marginal RMS of 0.004, this point located near the lower left corner of the t-sheet. After looking for any bordering t-sheets (to see if this area of the t-sheet was needed from it), it was discovered that a smaller scale map t1389a, covers this area in more detail. In fact, Possession Point was not mapped at all in t1552a making t1389a the primary for this area.

The image was then reprojected to UTM ZONE 10N NAD83/HARN using a rigorous transformation.

Several factors that can introduce error into the registration process include:

• The accuracy of the graticules and projection lines drawn on the map.

• Non-uniform shrinkage of the original map due to age and storage conditions.

• Distortion caused by the scanning process.

• Loss of resolution and distortion due to image compression.

• Ability of the technician to identify appropriate survey stations that correspond to the area of the T-sheet to compute the datum shift.

• Ability of the technician to identify and locate appropriate tics on the T-sheet for the transformation.

• The geometric transformation method employed.

References:

Daniels, R. C. and R.H. Huxford. 2001. An error assessment of vector data derived from scanned National Ocean Service topographic sheets. Journal of Coastal Research 17: 611 – 619.

Patton, R.S., 1999. Datum Differences: Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coast of the United States. U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington D.C. (Original publication: 1936)

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Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 10

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

False_Easting: 500000.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 3.000000

Ordinate_Resolution: 3.000000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983

Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

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Distribution_Information:

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Transfer_Size: 24.630

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Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20020723

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Collins, Amir Sheikh

Contact_Organization:

Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: Department of Earth and Space Sciences

Address: Box 351310

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 616-6584

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (206) 543-0489

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bcollins@u.washington.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: asheikh@u.washington.edu

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

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