T-1674; Carrs Inlet, Washington Territory, 1878

Metadata:


Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:  Puget Sound River History Project

Originator: Department of Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310

Originator: Seattle, WA 98195

Publication_Date: 10/01/03

Title: T-1674; Carrs Inlet, Washington Territory, 1878

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Abstract:

Georeferenced United States Coast & Geodetic Survey Topographic Sheet T-1674; Carrs Inlet, Washington Territory, 1878; Scale: 1:20,000; Surveyor: F. Westdahl, Eugene Ellicott.

Supplemental_Information:  For a comprehensive historical and technical review of the production and interpretation of early Coast & Geodetic Survey T-sheets please refer to Shalowitz, A.L. 1964. Shore and Sea Boundaries, Volumes 2.  U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, DC. This publication is available online at http://chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/hsd/shallow.htm

Time_Period_of_Content:  1878

Time_Period_Information:  1878

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1878

Currentness_Reference: 1878

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword: T-sheets

Theme_Keyword: Coastal Survey

Theme_Keyword: Land Cover

Theme_Keyword: Historical

Theme_Keyword: United States Coast and Geodetic Survey

Place:

Place_Keyword: Washington State

Place_Keyword: Puget Sound

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword: Near Shore

Stratum_Keyword: Coast

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword: 1878

Access_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Use_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Collins, Amir Sheikh

Contact_Organization:

Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: Department of Earth and Space Sciences

Address: Box 351310

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 616-6584

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (206) 543-0489

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bcollins@u.washington.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: asheikh@u.washington.edu

 


Data_Quality_Information:

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: No traceable benchmarks

 

To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, benchmarks located on the T-sheets were compared to published NGS benchmarks that were retraceable to the time of the surveyed T-sheet. (Published NGS benchmark information is located at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl). Only benchmarks that could be established with a high degree of certainty that existed at the time of the original T-sheet survey and were not remounted were used in the final accuracy measurement. If no current benchmarks exist or if the benchmarks have been remounted in relation to the benchmarks on the T-sheet, hard points (areas that would expect little change since the original surveys) were used to give a general indicator of the T-sheet’s registration accuracy in lieu of a more rigorous method. Thus these hard point measurements must be viewed with some caution. It should be stressed that the accuracy assessment was to check the accuracy of the overall registration process, not necessarily the accuracy of the survey itself.

 

NOTE: Measured distances are rounded to the nearest meter. The hand-drawn representations of benchmarks on the T-sheets are often up to 10 meters in width. To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, the measured distance is from the NGS-published coordinates to the perceived middle of the benchmark depicted on the T-sheet. In addition, the overall shape of the benchmark symbol is sometimes obscured by other symbology on the T-sheet. Thus, there is a certain level of uncertainty introduced due to the ambiguous location of the benchmark on the T-sheet. 

 

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Five possible benchmarks were located on the t-sheet and in the NGS datasheets, but only one of these (BOULDER) dated prior to t-sheet production.  However, BOULDER, HUGE, and GREEN did not actually match benchmarks on the map.  WYCK and SOUTH both matched benchmarks on the map, giving an average error of 6 meters.  But both of these benchmarks were monumented after t-sheet production, so they cannot be used for the Horizontal Positional Accuracy measurement.

 

 

Station Name

 

PID

 

 

Date Mon/Obs

 

Current Survey Control NAD83

Measured distance between T-sheet benchmark & NGS-published benchmark

Longitude

Latitude

2

WYCK

SY3078

1935

122 42 15.65472

47 13 52.19047

1.961544

4

SOUTH

SY3092

1935

122 43 06.18123

47 14 57.07313

10.015808

 

           

Lineage:

Technician: Elizabeth Cassel  Date:  10-23-03

Process_Step:

Process_Description:  The georeferencing of T-sheets in the Puget Sound region was funded by the Puget Sound Nearshore Project (PSNERP) http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/

Scanned images were obtained from Information Manufacturing Corporation, 7000 Infantry Ridge Road, Suite 200, Manassas, VA 20109 Phone: (703) 393-6866

 

The methodology used to georeference the T-sheets was modified from the previous work of Jennifer Burke (NOAA) in the Lower Columbia and Daniels et al (2001). The georeferencing and error assessment process were carried out using Erdas Imagine 8.6 and ArcGIS 8.3. For additional information concerning the georeferencing method please refer to: http://rocky2.ess.washington.edu/riverhistory/tsheets.php

 

Datum Shift:

 

Most T-sheets do not have a current datum represented on them (i.e. NAD 27, NAD 83). Graticules (tics) marking Latitude and Longitude in the early local Puget Sound Datum (PSD) and a later update to North American Datum (NAD) projection are most often present. To calculate the X, Y shift from NAD to NAD 27, X and Y values were used from datum difference tables for survey stations around most of Puget Sound (Patton, 1999). An overall datum shift was determined for the area covered by the T-sheet by averaging the shift from a number of survey stations in or nearby that area represented on the T-sheet.  Some areas, like this t-sheet, are not represented in Patton (1999), so the datum shift must be calculated from a larger number of stations further away from the sheet.  This method has proved to produce approximately equal georeferencing error as using stations within the area of the t-sheet.

 

The following survey stations were used to calculate the datum shift:

 

Wash 2, 1921

Bos, 1905

Smelt, 1905

Dron, 1905

Gull, 1891

Brown, 1921

 

            Registration:

 

For georeferencing, tics were used only surrounding areas that depicted nearshore features on the T-sheet. This was mainly done to hasten the overall process due to the magnitude of the scope of the project while maintaining the best control around areas of interest. The sheets were then rectified using a 1st order polynomial transformation. Points that produced relatively high RMS values, as well as tic points that consistently fell outside of 4.5 meters (on a 1:10,000 scale T-sheet) of their projected UTM coordinates were omitted.

 

            The following tic marks were used for georeferencing the initial resample:

 

 

Longitude

 

Latitude

 

 

deg

min

deg

min

1

122

38

47

25

2

122

37

47

25

3

122

39

47

24

4

122

38

47

24

5

122

37

47

24

6

122

41

47

23

7

122

40

47

23

8

122

39

47

23

9

122

38

47

23

10

122

37

47

23

11

122

43

47

22

12

122

42

47

22

13

122

41

47

22

14

122

40

47

22

15

122

39

47

22

16

122

38

47

22

17

122

37

47

22

18

122

44

47

21

19

122

43

47

21

20

122

42

47

21

21

122

41

47

21

22

122

40

47

21

23

122

39

47

21

24

122

38

47

21

25

122

44

47

20

26

122

43

47

20

27

122

42

47

20

28

122

41

47

20

29

122

40

47

20

30

122

39

47

20

31

122

38

47

20

32

122

45

47

19

33

122

44

47

19

34

122

43

47

19

35

122

42

47

19

36

122

41

47

19

37

122

40

47

19

38

122

39

47

19

39

122

38

47

19

40

122

45

47

18

41

122

44

47

18

42

122

43

47

18

43

122

42

47

18

44

122

41

47

18

45

122

40

47

18

46

122

46

47

17

47

122

45

47

17

48

122

44

47

17

49

122

43

47

17

50

122

42

47

17

51

122

41

47

17

52

122

40

47

17

53

122

46

47

16

54

122

45

47

16

55

122

44

47

16

56

122

43

47

16

57

122

42

47

16

58

122

41

47

16

59

122

46

47

15

60

122

45

47

15

61

122

44

47

15

62

122

43

47

15

63

122

42

47

15

64

122

46

47

14

65

122

45

47

14

66

122

44

47

14

67

122

43

47

14

68

122

42

47

14

69

122

46

47

13

70

122

45

47

13

71

122

44

47

13

72

122

43

47

13

73

122

42

47

13

74

122

45

47

12

75

122

44

47

12

76

122

43

47

12

 

 

Three resamples were performed on this data.  The first resample had low error distances (under 10 meters) and low RMS error except for five points: 11, 18, 68, 73, and 76.  By removing these five points, all RMS errors were lowered to less than 0.003, and error distances were lowered in general.  Other higher error points were adjusted for the final resample.

 

Several factors that can introduce error into the registration process include:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References:

 

 Daniels, R. C. and R.H. Huxford. 2001. An error assessment of vector data derived from scanned National Ocean Service topographic sheets. Journal of Coastal Research 17: 611 – 619.

 

Patton, R.S., 1999. Datum Differences: Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coast of the United States. U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington D.C. (Original publication: 1936)

 

 


Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 10

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

False_Easting: 500000.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 3.000000

Ordinate_Resolution: 3.000000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983

Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222


Distribution_Information:

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:


Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20020723

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Collins, Amir Sheikh

Contact_Organization:

Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: Department of Earth and Space Sciences

Address: Box 351310

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 616-6584

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (206) 543-0489

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bcollins@u.washington.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: asheikh@u.washington.edu

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time