T-1755; Port Susan & Stillaguamish River, Wash. Terr., 1880

Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Puget Sound River History Project

Originator: Department of Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310

Originator: Seattle, WA 98195

Publication_Date: 10/01/03

Title: T-1755; Port Susan & Stillaguamish River, Wash. Terr., 1880

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Abstract:

Georeferenced United States Coast & Geodetic Survey Topographic Sheet T-1755; Port Susan & Stillaguamish River, Wash. Terr., 1880; Scale: 1:20,000; Surveyor: J. F. Pratt

Supplemental_Information: For a comprehensive historical and technical review of the production and interpretation of early Coast & Geodetic Survey T-sheets please refer to Shalowitz, A.L. 1964. Shore and Sea Boundaries, Volumes 2. U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, DC. This publication is available online at http://chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/hsd/shallow.htm

Time_Period_of_Content: 1880

Time_Period_Information: 1880

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1880

Currentness_Reference: 1880

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword: T-sheets

Theme_Keyword: Coastal Survey

Theme_Keyword: Land Cover

Theme_Keyword: Historical

Theme_Keyword: United States Coast and Geodetic Survey

Place:

Place_Keyword: Washington State

Place_Keyword: Puget Sound

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword: Near Shore

Stratum_Keyword: Coast

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword: 1880

Access_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Use_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Collins, Amir Sheikh

Contact_Organization:

Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: Department of Earth and Space Sciences

Address: Box 351310

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 616-6584

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (206) 543-0489

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bcollins@u.washington.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: asheikh@u.washington.edu

Data_Quality_Information:

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: No traceable benchmarks

To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, benchmarks located on the T-sheets were compared to published NGS benchmarks that were retraceable to the time of the surveyed T-sheet. (Published NGS benchmark information is located at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl). Only benchmarks that could be established with a high degree of certainty that existed at the time of the original T-sheet survey and were not remounted were used in the final accuracy measurement. If no current benchmarks exist or if the benchmarks have been remounted in relation to the benchmarks on the T-sheet, hard points (areas that would expect little change since the original surveys) were used to give a general indicator of the T-sheet’s registration accuracy in lieu of a more rigorous method. Thus these hard point measurements must be viewed with some caution. It should be stressed that the accuracy assessment was to check the accuracy of the overall registration process, not necessarily the accuracy of the survey itself.

NOTE: Measured distances are rounded to the nearest meter. The hand-drawn representations of benchmarks on the T-sheets are often up to 10 meters in width. To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, the measured distance is from the NGS-published coordinates to the perceived middle of the benchmark depicted on the T-sheet. In addition, the overall shape of the benchmark symbol is sometimes obscured by other symbology on the T-sheet. Thus, there is a certain level of uncertainty introduced due to the ambiguous location of the benchmark on the T-sheet.

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Datasheets were sought for twenty benchmarks that were clearly marked on this 1:20,000 scale t-sheet. Seven were found to have the same name but to have been monumented in 1924 or later, so these points may not be located exactly where the original was. These resulting differences in location ranged from 15 to 50 meters. Four more datasheets were included in this check because their description put them in the vicinity of a noted benchmark. Three (in the Stanwood area) were not the same point and one (Hay) was off by nearly 60 meters.

Benchmark PID LONG LAT Measured distance between T-sheet benchmark & NGS-published benchmark

Station Name	PID	Current Survey Control NAD83		Measured Distance Btwn T-sheet & NGS-published Benchmark
Station Name	PID	Long	Lat Lat	Measured Distance Btwn T-sheet & NGS-published Benchmark
AGATE 2	TR1081	122 22 18.74840	48 04 43.28709	14.2
PIPPIN 2	TR1097	122 22 47.76003	48 05 18.51216	49.6
CAMANO 2	TR1100	122 24 36.48810	48 06 43.78267	~120
HEALD 2	TR1104	122 28 00.73868	48 09 44.14847	15
HAY	TR1103	122 26 46.74742	48 12 16.43565	~58
STANWOOD NOR LUTH CH STPL	TR1070	122 22 00.74418	48 14 36.21530
STANWOOD SAWMILL WATER TANK	TR1069	122 22 03.49347	48 14 23.35503
TANK 1924	TR1071	122 22 17.10773	48 14 26.45775
GILFORD	TR1072	122 22 10.46928	48 09 51.99200	27.6
SHELTON 2	TR1083	122 21 40.07038	48 07 13.55779	17.9
SUSAN 2	TR1086	122 20 35.58710	48 05 53.22421	25.4

Lineage:

Technician: Joanna Marsolek Date: 9-17-03

Process_Step:

Process_Description: The georeferencing of T-sheets in the Puget Sound region was funded by the Puget Sound Nearshore Project (PSNERP) http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/

Scanned images were obtained from Information Manufacturing Corporation, 7000 Infantry Ridge Road, Suite 200, Manassas, VA 20109 Phone: (703) 393-6866

The methodology used to georeference the T-sheets was modified from the previous work of Jennifer Burke (NOAA) in the Lower Columbia and Daniels et al (2001). The georeferencing and error assessment process were carried out using Erdas Imagine 8.6 and ArcGIS 8.3. For additional information concerning the georeferencing method please refer to: http://rocky2.ess.washington.edu/riverhistory/tsheets.php

Datum Shift:

Most T-sheets do not have a current datum represented on them (i.e. NAD 27, NAD 83). Graticules (tics) marking Latitude and Longitude in the early local Puget Sound Datum (PSD) and a later update to North American Datum (NAD) projection are most often present. To calculate the X, Y shift from NAD to NAD 27, X and Y values were used from datum difference tables for survey stations around most of Puget Sound (Patton, 1999). An overall datum shift was determined for the area covered by the T-sheet by averaging the shift from a number of survey stations in or nearby that area represented on the T-sheet.

The following survey stations were used to calculate the datum shift:

Parapet, 1921

Admiralty Inlet E.Base, 1921

Registration:

For georeferencing, tics were used only surrounding areas that depicted nearshore features on the T-sheet. This was mainly done to hasten the overall process due to the magnitude of the scope of the project while maintaining the best control around areas of interest. The sheets were then rectified using a 1^st order polynomial transformation. Points that produced relatively high RMS values, as well as tic points that consistently fell outside of 4.5 meters (on a 1:10,000 scale T-sheet) of their projected UTM coordinates were omitted.

The following tic marks were used for georeferencing the initial resample:

	Longitude		Latitude
	deg	min	deg	min
1	122	30	48	10
2	122	30	48	11
3	122	30	48	12
4	122	29	48	9
5	122	29	48	10
6	122	29	48	11
7	122	29	48	12
8	122	29	48	13
9	122	28	48	8
10	122	28	48	9
11	122	28	48	10
12	122	28	48	11
13	122	28	48	12
14	122	28	48	13
15	122	28	48	14
16	122	28	48	15
17	122	27	48	7
18	122	27	48	8
19	122	27	48	9
20	122	27	48	10
21	122	27	48	11
22	122	27	48	12
23	122	27	48	13
24	122	27	48	14
25	122	27	48	15
26	122	26	48	6
27	122	26	48	7
28	122	26	48	8
29	122	26	48	9
30	122	26	48	10
31	122	26	48	11
32	122	26	48	12
33	122	26	48	13
34	122	26	48	14
35	122	26	48	15
36	122	25	48	6
37	122	25	48	7
38	122	25	48	8
39	122	25	48	9
40	122	25	48	10
41	122	25	48	11
42	122	25	48	12
43	122	25	48	13
44	122	25	48	14
45	122	25	48	15
46	122	24	48	5
47	122	24	48	6
48	122	24	48	7
49	122	24	48	8
50	122	24	48	9
51	122	24	48	10
52	122	24	48	11
53	122	24	48	12
54	122	24	48	13
55	122	24	48	14
56	122	24	48	15
57	122	24	48	16
58	122	24	48	17
59	122	23	48	4
60	122	23	48	5
61	122	23	48	6
62	122	23	48	7
63	122	23	48	8
64	122	23	48	9
65	122	23	48	10
66	122	23	48	11
67	122	23	48	12
68	122	23	48	13
69	122	23	48	14
70	122	23	48	15
71	122	23	48	16
72	122	23	48	17
73	122	22	48	4
74	122	22	48	5
75	122	22	48	6
76	122	22	48	7
77	122	22	48	8
78	122	22	48	9
79	122	22	48	10
80	122	22	48	11
81	122	22	48	12
82	122	22	48	13
83	122	22	48	14
84	122	22	48	15
85	122	22	48	16
86	122	21	48	6
87	122	21	48	7
88	122	21	48	8
89	122	21	48	9
90	122	21	48	10
91	122	21	48	11
92	122	21	48	12
93	122	21	48	13
94	122	21	48	14
95	122	21	48	15
96	122	21	48	16
97	122	20	48	7
98	122	20	48	8
99	122	20	48	9
100	122	20	48	10
101	122	20	48	11
102	122	20	48	12
103	122	20	48	13
104	122	20	48	14
105	122	20	48	15
106	122	19	48	12
107	122	19	48	13
108	122	19	48	14
109	122	18	48	12
110	122	18	48	13

Two resamples were performed on this data. Periphery points 2, 86 and 87 had a marginal RMS of 0.003. Point 2 improved the overall RMS slightly with no noticeable change in individual points. Both of the resamples are justified, and in this case the second was maintained for the final tiff.

The image was then reprojected to UTM ZONE 10N NAD83/HARN using a rigorous transformation.

Several factors that can introduce error into the registration process include:

The accuracy of the graticules and projection lines drawn on the map.

Non-uniform shrinkage of the original map due to age and storage conditions.

Distortion caused by the scanning process.

Loss of resolution and distortion due to image compression.

Ability of the technician to identify appropriate survey stations that correspond to the area of the T-sheet to compute the datum shift.

Ability of the technician to identify and locate appropriate tics on the T-sheet for the transformation.

The geometric transformation method employed.

References:

Daniels, R. C. and R.H. Huxford. 2001. An error assessment of vector data derived from scanned National Ocean Service topographic sheets. Journal of Coastal Research 17: 611 – 619.

Patton, R.S., 1999. Datum Differences: Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coast of the United States. U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington D.C. (Original publication: 1936)

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 10

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

False_Easting: 500000.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 3.000000

Ordinate_Resolution: 3.000000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983

Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

Distribution_Information:

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Transfer_Size: 24.630

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20020723

Metadata_Contact: