T-2302; Washington Sound, Part of Lopez Island, Big Rock to Point Colville, Washington Territories, 1897

Metadata:


Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:  Puget Sound River History Project

Originator: Department of Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310

Originator: Seattle, WA 98195

Publication_Date: 10/01/03

Title: T-2302; Washington Sound, Part of Lopez Island, Big Rock to Point Colville, Washington Territories, 1897

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Abstract:

Georeferenced United States Coast & Geodetic Survey Topographic Sheet T-2302; Washington Sound, Part of Lopez Island, Big Rock to Point Colville, Washington Territories, 1897

Supplemental_Information:  For a comprehensive historical and technical review of the production and interpretation of early Coast & Geodetic Survey T-sheets please refer to Shalowitz, A.L. 1964. Shore and Sea Boundaries, Volumes 2.  U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, DC. This publication is available online at http://chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/hsd/shallow.htm

Time_Period_of_Content:  1897

Time_Period_Information:  1897

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1897

Currentness_Reference: 1897

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword: T-sheets

Theme_Keyword: Coastal Survey

Theme_Keyword: Land Cover

Theme_Keyword: Historical

Theme_Keyword: United States Coast and Geodetic Survey

Place:

Place_Keyword: Washington State

Place_Keyword: Puget Sound

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword: Near Shore

Stratum_Keyword: Coast

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword: 1897

Access_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Use_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Collins, Amir Sheikh

Contact_Organization:

Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: Department of Earth and Space Sciences

Address: Box 351310

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 616-6584

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (206) 543-0489

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bcollins@u.washington.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: asheikh@u.washington.edu

 

 


Data_Quality_Information:

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: 3 meters (using 5 reliable benchmark)

 

To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, benchmarks located on the T-sheets were compared to published NGS benchmarks that were retraceable to the time of the surveyed T-sheet. (Published NGS benchmark information is located at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl). Only benchmarks that could be established with a high degree of certainty that existed at the time of the original T-sheet survey and were not remounted were used in the final accuracy measurement. If no current benchmarks exist or if the benchmarks have been remounted in relation to the benchmarks on the T-sheet, hard points (areas that would expect little change since the original surveys) were used to give a general indicator of the T-sheet’s registration accuracy in lieu of a more rigorous method. Thus these hard point measurements must be viewed with some caution. It should be stressed that the accuracy assessment was to check the accuracy of the overall registration process, not necessarily the accuracy of the survey itself.

 

NOTE: Measured distances are rounded to the nearest meter. The hand-drawn representations of benchmarks on the T-sheets are often up to 10 meters in width. To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, the measured distance is from the NGS-published coordinates to the perceived middle of the benchmark depicted on the T-sheet. In addition, the overall shape of the benchmark symbol is sometimes obscured by other symbology on the T-sheet. Thus, there is a certain level of uncertainty introduced due to the ambiguous location of the benchmark on the T-sheet. 

 

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Ten possible benchmarks were identified on the T-sheet and in the NGS datasheets , but only nine of these actually corresponded with benchmarks on the T-sheet, and two could have been remounted.  It is likely that HAR(TR1786) is the same position as the original benchmark.

 

     Benchmark        PID       LONG                    LAT        Measured distance between T-sheet benchmark & NGS-published benchmark       

HAR

TR1786

122 55 16.50071

48 27 08.25081

2.576941

LONG

TR1796

122 55 30.20268

48 26 27.53657

0

PLANE 1897

TR1798

122 55 50.41353

48 26 29.92089

1.505199

CHANNEL 1897

TR1794

122 54 40.62094

48 26 49.63155

2.663593

NOISY RESET

TR1783

122 53 21.06423

58 26 10.89930

0

RICHARDSON RESET

TR1787

122 53 52.87863

48 26 45.78315

1.9375

ICEBERG RESET

TR1785

122 53 05.01669

48 25 11.52820

11.258504

SMALL ISLAND 1897

TR1784

122 52 40.90123

48 26 24.43600

3.615424

WINDY RESET

TR1754

122 52 21.69280

48 26 39.73464

2.042756

SOUTHEAST ISLAND

TR1775

122 49 17.75931

48 24 54.55344

0

 

Lineage:

Technician: Isabelle Yasmina Sarikhan  Date:  9-29-03

Process_Step:

Process_Description:  The georeferencing of T-sheets in the Puget Sound region was funded by the Puget Sound Nearshore Project (PSNERP) http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/

Scanned images were obtained from University of Washington Libraries at http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/holland/masc/sanjuanindex.html

 

 

The methodology used to georeference the T-sheets was modified from the previous work of Jennifer Burke (NOAA) in the Lower Columbia and Daniels et al (2001). The georeferencing and error assessment process were carried out using Erdas Imagine 8.6 and ArcGIS 8.3. For additional information concerning the georeferencing method please refer to: http://rocky2.ess.washington.edu/riverhistory/tsheets.php

 

Datum Shift:

 

Most T-sheets do not have a current datum represented on them (i.e. NAD 27, NAD 83). Graticules (tics) marking Latitude and Longitude in the early local Puget Sound Datum (PSD) and a later update to North American Datum (NAD) projection are most often present. To calculate the X, Y shift from NAD to NAD 27, X and Y values were used from datum difference tables for survey stations around most of Puget Sound (Patton, 1999). An overall datum shift was determined for the area covered by the T-sheet by averaging the shift from a number of survey stations in or nearby that area represented on the T-sheet.

 

The following survey stations were used to calculate the datum shift:

 

Southeast Island 1854

Iceberg 1854

Boulder, 1854

           

Registration:

 

For georeferencing, tics were used only surrounding areas that depicted nearshore features on the T-sheet. This was mainly done to hasten the overall process due to the magnitude of the scope of the project while maintaining the best control around areas of interest. The sheets were then rectified using a 1st order polynomial transformation. Points that produced relatively high RMS values, as well as tic points that consistently fell outside of 4.5 meters (on a 1:10,000 scale T-sheet) of their projected UTM coordinates were omitted.

 

            The following tic marks were used for georeferencing the initial resample:

 

 

Longitude

Latitude

 

Longitude

Latitude

 

deg

min

deg

min

dd

dd

1

122

58

48

29

122.96667

48.48333

2

122

58

48

28

122.96667

48.46667

3

122

57

48

29

122.95000

48.48333

4

122

57

48

28

122.95000

48.46667

5

122

57

48

27

122.95000

48.45000

6

122

56

48

30

122.93333

48.50000

7

122

56

48

29

122.93333

48.48333

8

122

56

48

28

122.93333

48.46667

9

122

56

48

27

122.93333

48.45000

10

122

56

48

26

122.93333

48.43333

11

122

55

48

30

122.91667

48.50000

12

122

55

48

29

122.91667

48.48333

13

122

55

48

28

122.91667

48.46667

14

122

55

48

27

122.91667

48.45000

15

122

55

48

26

122.91667

48.43333

16

122

55

48

25

122.91667

48.41667

17

122

54

48

30

122.90000

48.50000

18

122

54

48

29

122.90000

48.48333

19

122

54

48

28

122.90000

48.46667

20

122

54

48

27

122.90000

48.45000

21

122

54

48

26

122.90000

48.43333

22

122

54

48

25

122.90000

48.41667

23

122

54

48

24

122.90000

48.40000

24

122

53

48

30

122.88333

48.50000

25

122

53

48

29

122.88333

48.48333

26

122

53

48

28

122.88333

48.46667

27

122

53

48

27

122.88333

48.45000

28

122

53

48

26

122.88333

48.43333

29

122

53

48

25

122.88333

48.41667

30

122

53

48

24

122.88333

48.40000

31

122

52

48

28

122.86667

48.46667

32

122

52

48

27

122.86667

48.45000

33

122

52

48

26

122.86667

48.43333

34

122

52

48

25

122.86667

48.41667

35

122

52

48

24

122.86667

48.40000

36

122

51

48

28

122.85000

48.46667

37

122

51

48

27

122.85000

48.45000

38

122

51

48

26

122.85000

48.43333

39

122

51

48

25

122.85000

48.41667

40

122

51

48

24

122.85000

48.40000

41

122

50

48

26

122.83333

48.43333

42

122

50

48

25

122.83333

48.41667

43

122

49

48

25

122.81667

48.41667

 

Six different resamples were performed on this data.  The RMS errors were all below 0.003 after the first resample, but a few points had error distances around 7 meters.  After removing all the high error points and error distances systematically, the final resample was determined as the best of the resamples with the lowest error.

 

The image was then reprojected to UTM ZONE 10N NAD83/HARN using a rigorous transformation.

Several factors that can introduce error into the registration process include:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References:

 

 Daniels, R. C. and R.H. Huxford. 2001. An error assessment of vector data derived from scanned National Ocean Service topographic sheets. Journal of Coastal Research 17: 611 – 619.

 

Patton, R.S., 1999. Datum Differences: Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coast of the United States. U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington D.C. (Original publication: 1936)

 

 

 


Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 10

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

False_Easting: 500000.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 3.000000

Ordinate_Resolution: 3.000000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983

Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222


Distribution_Information:

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Transfer_Size: 24.630


Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20020723

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Collins, Amir Sheikh

Contact_Organization:

Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: Department of Earth and Space Sciences

Address: Box 351310

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 616-6584

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (206) 543-0489

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bcollins@u.washington.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: asheikh@u.washington.edu

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time