T-2858; Washington, South Shore Strait of Juan de Fuca, Freshwater Bay and Vicinity, 1908

Metadata:


Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:  Point No Point Treaty Council

Originator:  7999 NE Salish Lane, Kingston, WA 98346 USA

Publication_Date: 10/01/03

Title: T-2858; Washington, South Shore Strait of Juan de Fuca, Freshwater Bay and Vicinity, 1908

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Abstract:

Georeferenced United States Coast & Geodetic Survey Topographic Sheet T-2858; Washington, South Shore Strait of Juan de Fuca, Freshwater Bay and Vicinity, 1908; Scale: 1:20,000; Surveyor: W. C. Dibrell and W. B. Dunning

Supplemental_Information:  For a comprehensive historical and technical review of the production and interpretation of early Coast & Geodetic Survey T-sheets please refer to Shalowitz, A.L. 1964. Shore and Sea Boundaries, Volumes 2.  U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, DC. This publication is available online at http://chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/hsd/shallow.htm

Time_Period_of_Content:  1908

Time_Period_Information:  1908

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1908

Currentness_Reference: 1908

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword: T-sheets

Theme_Keyword: Coastal Survey

Theme_Keyword: Land Cover

Theme_Keyword: Historical

Theme_Keyword: United States Coast and Geodetic Survey

Place:

Place_Keyword: Washington State

Place_Keyword: Puget Sound

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword: Near Shore

Stratum_Keyword: Coast

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword: 1908

Access_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Use_Constraints:

This georeferenced image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the Puget Sound River History Project, University of Washington.

http://riverhistory.ess.washington.edu

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Alan Carter Mortimer

Contact_Organization:

Point No Point Treaty Council

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: 7999 NE Salish Lane

City: Kingston

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98346

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (360) 297-6530

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (360) 297-3413

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: alancm@pnptc.org

 


Data_Quality_Information:

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: 8 meters (using four reliable benchmarks)

 

 

To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, benchmarks located on the T-sheets were compared to published NGS benchmarks that were retraceable to the time of the surveyed T-sheet. (Published NGS benchmark information is located at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl). Only benchmarks that could be established with a high degree of certainty that existed at the time of the original T-sheet survey and were not remounted were used in the final accuracy measurement. If no current benchmarks exist or if the benchmarks have been remounted in relation to the benchmarks on the T-sheet, hard points (areas that would expect little change since the original surveys) were used to give a general indicator of the T-sheet’s registration accuracy in lieu of a more rigorous method. Thus these hard point measurements must be viewed with some caution. It should be stressed that the accuracy assessment was to check the accuracy of the overall registration process, not necessarily the accuracy of the survey itself.

 

NOTE: Measured distances are rounded to the nearest meter. The hand-drawn representations of benchmarks on the T-sheets are often up to 10 meters in width. To assess an independent check of the accuracy of the registration process, the measured distance is from the NGS-published coordinates to the perceived middle of the benchmark depicted on the T-sheet. In addition, the overall shape of the benchmark symbol is sometimes obscured by other symbology on the T-sheet. Thus, there is a certain level of uncertainty introduced due to the ambiguous location of the benchmark on the T-sheet. 

 

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

            Four benchmarks on the t-sheet can be traced continuously through historical record, giving an average positional error of 7.625 meters.

 

Station Name

PID

Latitude

Longitude

BIGHT 1907

TR2428

48 07 56.20280

123 29 14.91570

ELWHA 1892

TR2470

48 09 03.94625

123 33 05.40973

REEF

TR2494

48 09 02.72240

123 38 10.97202

STRIPED PEAK RESET

TR2484

48 09 34.96651

123 41 10.95669

 

 

Lineage:

Technician: Alan Carter Mortimer  Date:  9-30-03

Process_Step:

Process_Description:  The georeferencing of T-sheets in the Puget Sound region was funded by the Puget Sound Nearshore Project (PSNERP) http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/

Scanned images were obtained from Information Manufacturing Corporation, 7000 Infantry Ridge Road, Suite 200, Manassas, VA 20109 Phone: (703) 393-6866.

 

T-Sheets in the Hood Canal and Strait of Juan de Fuca vicinity were processed by Point No Point Treaty Council (http://www.pnptc.org/) for this project.

 

The methodology used to georeference the T-sheets was modified from the previous work of Jennifer Burke (NOAA) in the Lower Columbia and Daniels et al (2001). The georeferencing and error assessment process were carried out using ArcGIS 8.3. For additional information concerning the georeferencing method please refer to: http://rocky2.ess.washington.edu/riverhistory/tsheets.php

 

Datum Shift:

 

Most T-sheets do not have a current datum represented on them (i.e. NAD 27, NAD 83). Graticules (tics) marking Latitude and Longitude in the early local Puget Sound Datum (PSD) and a later update to North American Datum (NAD) projection are most often present. To calculate the X, Y shift from NAD to NAD 27, X and Y values were used from datum difference tables for survey stations around most of Puget Sound (Patton, 1999). An overall datum shift was determined for the area covered by the T-sheet by averaging the shift from a number of survey stations in or nearby that area represented on the T-sheet.

 

The following survey stations were used to calculate the datum shift:

 

ANGELES POINT, MON. 1909

STRIPED PEAK

 

            Registration:

 

For georeferencing, tics were used only surrounding areas that depicted nearshore features on the T-sheet. This was mainly done to hasten the overall process due to the magnitude of the scope of the project while maintaining the best control around areas of interest. The sheets were then rectified using a 1st order polynomial transformation. Points that produced relatively high RMS values, as well as tic points that consistently fell outside of 4.5 meters (on a 1:10,000 scale T-sheet) of their projected UTM coordinates were omitted.

 

            The following tic marks were used for georeferencing the initial resample:

 

 ID

Latitude

 

Longitude

 

1

48

7

123

29

2

48

7

123

30

3

48

7

123

31

4

48

8

123

29

5

48

8

123

30

6

48

8

123

31

7

48

8

123

32

8

48

8

123

33

9

48

8

123

34

10

48

8

123

35

11

48

8

123

36

12

48

8

123

37

13

48

8

123

38

14

48

8

123

39

15

48

9

123

31

16

48

9

123

32

17

48

9

123

33

18

48

9

123

34

19

48

9

123

35

20

48

9

123

36

21

48

9

123

37

22

48

9

123

38

23

48

9

123

39

24

48

9

123

40

25

48

9

123

41

26

48

10

123

32

27

48

10

123

33

28

48

10

123

34

29

48

10

123

38

30

48

10

123

39

31

48

10

123

40

32

48

10

123

41

 

Two resamples were performed.  The second resample, which eliminated points 1, 4, 22, 25, and 32, was used based on lower RMS error (2.51008) and lower benchmark positional error.

 

 

Several factors that can introduce error into the registration process include:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References:

 

 Daniels, R. C. and R.H. Huxford. 2001. An error assessment of vector data derived from scanned National Ocean Service topographic sheets. Journal of Coastal Research 17: 611 – 619.

 

Patton, R.S., 1999. Datum Differences: Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coast of the United States. U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington D.C. (Original publication: 1936)

 

 


Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 10

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

False_Easting: 500000.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 2.000000

Ordinate_Resolution: 2.000000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927

Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866

Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698


Distribution_Information:

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:


Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20020723

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Collins, Amir Sheikh

Contact_Organization:

Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: Department of Earth and Space Sciences

Address: Box 351310

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 616-6584

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (206) 543-0489

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bcollins@u.washington.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: asheikh@u.washington.edu

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time